you missing a 10k ohm resistor next to the small cap you circled in green.
The caps circled in red is low resistance to ground since they are on the Vcore/gpu voltage rail.
assuming you are referring this cap not getting 5v but 15v, that’s due to the charger communicated to M92 chip and it turns on fast charging protocol so that it stays on 15v not 5v slow charge. Use any non-pd charger or apple charger you will have 5v on that cap.
BQ not sure but you have to clean it well and see if anything around need some touch-up or not. Also the back side fuel gauge max17050 might need to pay attention as well.
For the max77812, you could replace it least until you find everything else like charging works.
I have a working switch light that I refurbished. I’d be willing to donate it to you if in financial need. If you’re just interested in fixing stuff then never mind. Let me know. Attached picture of it.